本文主要用于介绍几种Linux常用的查找文件的方法
1. find find命令是Linux在查找文件所在位置时最常使用的命令之一，一般是直接通过文件名进行查询所在位置。
1 [root@localhost ~]# find 搜索路径 [选项] 搜索内容
在进行搜查的时候，主要有以下三种选项，其中前两种是我们使用比较多的
1 2 3 -name: 按照文件名搜索； -iname: 按照文件名搜索，不区分文件名大小； -inum: 按照 inode 号搜索；
例如在当前目录下查找我所想要的application.js,，可以看到该文件是在js目录下，-iname选项的用法也是类似的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 GENGKAIYU-MB0:public onlyone$ ls -rlt total 32 drwxr-xr-x 3 onlyone staff 96 12 17 16:20 links drwxr-xr-x 3 onlyone staff 96 12 17 16:20 about drwxr-xr-x 3 onlyone staff 96 12 17 16:20 tags -rw-r--r-- 1 onlyone staff 110 12 17 16:20 baidusitemap.xml -rw-r--r-- 1 onlyone staff 1280 12 17 16:20 content.json drwxr-xr-x 3 onlyone staff 96 12 17 16:20 categories drwxr-xr-x 3 onlyone staff 96 12 17 16:20 repository -rw-r--r-- 1 onlyone staff 898 12 17 16:20 sitemap.xml drwxr-xr-x 5 onlyone staff 160 12 17 16:20 images -rw-r--r-- 1 onlyone staff 3285 12 17 16:20 favicon.png drwxr-xr-x 7 onlyone staff 224 12 17 16:20 fonts drwxr-xr-x 9 onlyone staff 288 12 17 16:20 js drwxr-xr-x 4 onlyone staff 128 12 17 16:20 css GENGKAIYU-MB0:public onlyone$ find ./ -name application.js .//js/application.js GENGKAIYU-MB0:public onlyone$
但是find命令是必须要求完全匹配的，当你想要使用正则表达式的时候会出现如下错误(这个问题当文件与搜索目录在同一级时会出现)
1 2 GENGKAIYU-MB0:js onlyone$ find ./ -name app* find: application.min.js: unknown primary or operator
在这种情况下可以通过在如下方法进行解决
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 //切换到上级目录 GENGKAIYU-MB0:public onlyone$ find ./ -name app* .//js/application.min.js .//js/application.js //在搜索内容前加上引号 GENGKAIYU-MB0:js onlyone$ find ./ -name 'app*' .//application.min.js .//application.js
2. which & whereis 这两个命令更多的倾向于一些可执行的命令或文件 which其实查找的是每个Linux系统Path目录下的可执行文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 //先查看我的PATH变量 GENGKAIYU-MB0:gblog onlyone$ echo $PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Users/onlyone/Downloads/apache-maven-3.6.3/bin GENGKAIYU-MB0:gblog onlyone$ ls -lrt /usr/local/bin/ total 8 lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 28 3 31 2020 brew -> /usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 30 3 31 2020 telnet -> ../Cellar/telnet/63/bin/telnet lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 37 4 2 2020 corkscrew -> ../Cellar/corkscrew/2.0/bin/corkscrew lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 38 4 2 2020 pcre2-config -> ../Cellar/pcre2/10.34/bin/pcre2-config lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 35 4 2 2020 pcre2grep -> ../Cellar/pcre2/10.34/bin/pcre2grep lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 35 4 2 2020 pcre2test -> ../Cellar/pcre2/10.34/bin/pcre2test lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 28 4 2 2020 git -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 38 4 2 2020 git-cvsserver -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git-cvsserver lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 41 4 2 2020 git-receive-pack -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git-receive-pack lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 34 4 2 2020 git-shell -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git-shell lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 43 4 2 2020 git-upload-archive -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git-upload-archive lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 40 4 2 2020 git-upload-pack -> ../Cellar/git/2.26.0/bin/git-upload-pack -rwxr--r-- 1 onlyone staff 3754 4 2 2020 idea lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 42 4 10 2020 bf -> /usr/local/bifrost/bin/bifrostClient.1.0.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 41 4 10 2020 bfAgent -> /usr/local/bifrost/bin/bifrostAgent.1.0.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 31 12 14 17:31 node -> ../Cellar/node/13.12.0/bin/node lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 33 12 14 17:54 hexo -> ../lib/node_modules/hexo/bin/hexo lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 38 12 15 21:33 npm -> ../lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js lrwxr-xr-x 1 onlyone admin 38 12 15 21:33 npx -> ../lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npx-cli.js /如上 telnet的命令存储于/usr/local/bin/telnet目录下 GENGKAIYU-MB0:gblog onlyone$ which telnet /usr/local/bin/telnet
whereis与which类似，只不过它的查找范围更广，不通过PATH变量进行查找，通过文件索引进行查找
1 2 3 4 5 [root@iz2ze0ldeq21cpwq3l04yzz ~]# whereis ls ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz [root@iz2ze0ldeq21cpwq3l04yzz ~]# which ls alias ls='ls --color=auto' /usr/bin/ls
